Английский язык. Практикум по педагогической психологии

Верны ли данные утверждения? A) Over 100 years after its introduction by Spearman, factor analysis has become a research staple figuring prominently in educational psychology journals B) Because educational assessment is fundamental to most quantitative research in the field, educational psychologists have made significant contributions to the field of psychometrics Подберите правильный ответ

• А — нет, В — да
• А — да, В — нет
• А — нет, В — нет
• А — да, В — да

A study of 11.282 individuals in Scotland who took intelligence tests at _________7, 9 and 11 in the 1950s and 1960s, found an «inverse linear association» between childhood IQ scores and hospital admissions for injuries in adulthood

• years
• ages
• periods
• levels

However some people have __________claims like this even using unbiased IQ tests

• did
• made
• —
• put

Rather than ___________ down thoughts and behavior to their smallest element, the Gestalt position maintains that the whole of experience is important, and the whole is different than the sum of its parts

• being broken
• breaks
• break
• breaking

People with a ____________IQ have generally lower adult morbidity and mortality

• lower
• higher
• bigger
• smaller

Wolfgang Kohler, Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka ___________ the school of Gestalt psychology

• opened
• co-founded
• found
• set

__________ instance, there are claims that men tend to outperform women on average by three to four IQ points based on tests of medical students where the greater variance of men’s IQ can be expected to contribute to the result, or where a ‘correction’ is made for different maturation ages

• By
• At
• For
• As

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) Qualitative methods are used in educational studies whose purpose is to describe events, processes and situations of theoretical significance В) The qualitative methods used in educational psychology often derive from anthropology, sociology or sociolinguistics Подберите правильный ответ

• А — да, В — нет
• А — да, В — да
• А — нет, В — да
• А — нет, В — нет

____________ intelligent children would develop a thicker cortex initially, and then their cortex would go through a more rigorous thinning process

• Non-
• More
• Less
• Some

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) Rudolf Steiner’s model of child development interrelates physical, emotional, cognitive, and moral development in developmental stages similar to those later described by Piaget В) Developmental theories are always presented not as shifts between qualitatively different stages, but as gradual increments on separate dimensions Подберите правильный ответ

• А — нет, В — нет
• А — да, В — нет
• А — нет, В — да
• А — да, В — да

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) Among current educational psychologists, the behavioral perspective is more widely held than the cognitive perspective, perhaps because it admits causally-related mental constructs such as traits, beliefs, memories, motivations and emotions В) Cognitive theories claim that memory structures determine how information is perceived, processed, stored, and retrieved Подберите правильный ответ

• А — да, В — нет
• А — да, В — да
• А — нет, В — нет
• А — нет, В — да

There are many different kinds of IQ tests using a wide variety of ____

• methods
• ways
• quizes
• tasks

IQ can change over the course of childhood, suggesting interventions ______be developed to change IQ

• have
• need
• may
• able

A study involving 307 children (aged from six to nineteen) measuring the size of brain structures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and measuring verbal and non-verbal _________ — has been conducted

• skills
• ways
• abilities
• levels

When a new version of an IQ test is normed, the standard scoring is ___________ so that performance at the population median results in a score of IQ 100

• made
• set
• put
• done

The work of child psychologists such as Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, Bernard Luskin and Jerome Bruner has _____________ influential in creating teaching methods and educational practices

• —
• being
• be
• been

This distinction is however not made in the UK, where the generic term for practitioners is «____________________ psychologist»

• educational
• school
• university
• college

Psychology is the science of mind and

• body
• behavior
• knowledge
• attitude

Psychology’s immediate goal is to understand humanity __________both discovering general principles and exploring specific cases

• for
• at
• in
• by

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) Educational psychology both draws from and contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences В) In universities, departments of educational psychology are usually housed within faculties of education, possibly accounting for the lack of representation of educational psychology content in introductory psychology textbooks Подберите правильный ответ

• А — да, В — нет
• А — нет, В — нет
• А — нет, В — да
• А — да, В — да

Psychology incorporates _____________ from the social sciences, natural sciences, and humanities

• quiz
• test
• study
• research

Although the terms «educational psychology» and «school psychology» are often used interchangeably, researchers and theorists are likely to be identified in the US and Canada ________________ educational psychologists

• what
• so
• as
• then

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) To understand the characteristics of learners in childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, educational psychology develops and applies theories of human development В) Often represented as stages through which people pass as they mature, developmental theories describe changes in mental abilities (cognition), social roles, moral reasoning, and beliefs about the nature of knowledge Подберите правильный ответ

• А — да, В — нет
• А — да, В — да
• А — нет, В — да
• А — нет, В — нет

IQ tests are weighted on these sex differences so there is no bias on average in favor of one sex, ______________ the consistent difference in variance is not removed

• however
• and
• in addition
• also

There have been a variety of studies of IQ and aging since the norming of the first Wechsler Intelligence Scale drew attention to IQ differences in different _________groups of adults

• grade
• age
• sex
• professional

______________ psychological knowledge is typically applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also applied to understanding and solving problems in many different spheres of human activity

• While
• How
• When
• For

Since the early twentieth century, raw scores on IQ tests __________in most parts of the world

• has increased
• have increased
• increase
• increasing

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) Qualitative analysis is sometimes applied to verbal data from sources such as conversations, interviews, focus groups, and personal journals В) Qualitative methods are thus, typically, approaches to gathering, processing and reporting verbal data Подберите правильный ответ

• А — нет, В — да
• А — да, В — нет
• А — да, В — да
• А — нет, В — нет

Both cohort effects (the birth year of the test-takers) and practice effects (test-takers taking the same form of IQ test more than once) must be controlled for to gain accurate

• data
• date
• issue
• factor

Early in the 20th century, the ___________ Charles Spearman invented the method of factor analysis to study correlations between cognitive tests

• philosopher
• psychologist
• psychiatrist
• biologist

Current consensus is that fluid intelligence generally declines with age __________ early adulthood, while crystallized intelligence remains intact

• before
• between
• after
• at

_________ on his investigations, Charles Spearman aimed that a single common factor explained the positive correlations among tests

• Based
• Base
• Basing
• Being based

Recent research suggests that certain mental activities ___________change the brain’s ability to process information, leading to the conclusion that intelligence can be altered or changed over time

• able
• can
• need
• have

Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships ____________ psychosocial variables

• for
• at
• between
• on

The phenomenon of rising raw score performance means that if test-takers _______ by a constant standard scoring rule, IQ test scores have been rising at an average rate of around three IQ points per decade

• are scored
• are being scored
• been scored
• scored

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) In protocol analysis the verbal data is thought to indicate which information the subject is attending to, but is explicitly not interpreted as an explanation or justification for behavior В) In contrast, the method of verbal analysis does admit learners’ explanations as a way to reveal their mental model or misconceptions (e.g., of the laws of motion) Подберите правильный ответ

• А — да, В — нет
• А — нет, В — нет
• А — нет, В — да
• А — да, В — да

Men and women have statistically significant differences in average scores __________tests of particular abilities

• on
• by
• in
• for

The study demonstrated that general human intelligence appears to be based on the volume and location of _________ matter tissue in the brain, only about 6 percent appeared to be related to IQ

• yellow
• grey
• white
• blue

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) Each person has an individual profile of characteristics, abilities and challenges that result from learning В) The most prevalent disabilities found among school age children are attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disability, dyslexia, and speech disorder Подберите правильный ответ

• А — да, В — нет
• А — нет, В — да
• А — нет, В — нет
• А — да, В — да

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) Research on classroom management and pedagogy is conducted to guide teaching practice and form a foundation for teacher education programs В) The goals of classroom management are to create an environment conducive to learning and to develop students’ self-management skills Подберите правильный ответ

• А — нет, В — нет
• А — нет, В — да
• А — да, В — да
• А — да, В — нет

_________many practitioners, one goal of applied psychology is to benefit society

• How
• For
• To
• As

Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes __________ underlie certain functions and behaviors

• what
• who
• —
• that

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) Development of epistemological beliefs (beliefs about knowledge) have been described in terms of gradual changes in people’s belief in: certainty and permanence of knowledge, fixedness of ability, and credibility of authorities such as teachers and experts В) People develop less sophisticated beliefs about knowledge as they gain in education and maturity Подберите правильный ответ

• А — нет, В — нет
• А — да, В — да
• А — да, В — нет
• А — нет, В — да

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) Practitioners in schools or school-related settings are identified as school psychologists В) Educational psychology can in part be understood through its relationship with other disciplines Подберите правильный ответ

• А — да, В — да
• А — да, В — нет
• А — нет, В — нет
• А — нет, В — да

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) One of the most commonly used methods for qualitative research in educational psychology is protocol analysis В) In this method the research participant is asked to think aloud while performing a task, such as solving a math problem Подберите правильный ответ

• А — нет, В — да
• А — нет, В — нет
• А — да, В — нет
• А — да, В — да

This approach (Gestalt psychology) is ___________upon the idea that individuals experience things as unified wholes

• laid
• based
• put
• set

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) There is no evidence that the moral reasoning described in stage theories is sufficient to account for moral behavior В) For example, other factors such as modeling (as described by the social cognitive theory of morality) are required to explain bullying Подберите правильный ответ

• А — нет, В — да
• А — да, В — да
• А — да, В — нет
• А — нет, В — нет

Верны ли данные утверждения? А) Piaget proposed a developmental theory of moral reasoning in which children progress from a naïve understanding of morality based on behavior and outcomes to a more advanced understanding based on intentions В) Piaget’s views of moral development were elaborated by his into a stage theory of moral development Подберите правильный ответ

• А — да, В — да
• А — нет, В — да
• А — да, В — нет
• А — нет, В — нет

A study __________young adults published in April 2008 by a team from the Universities of Michigan and Bern supports the possibility of the transfer of fluid intelligence from specifically designed working memory training

• between
• on
• after
• in

Psychologists explore ___________ concepts as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, phenomenology, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships

• such
• so
• then
• that