Экономика англоязычных стран

Choose the right answer to the question: What is a business corporation?

• A business corporation is the most complex form of business organization. Ownership of a corporation takes the form of ownership of common stocks. In essence, the corporation is not a separate and distinct entity from the people who control, manage, and own it.
• A business corporation is the most complex form of business organization. Management of a corporation takes the form of ownership of common stocks. In essence, the corporation is a separate and distinct entity from the people who control, manage, and own it.
• A business corporation is the most complex form of business organization. Ownership of a corporation takes the form of ownership of common stocks. In essence, the corporation is a separate and distinct entity from the people who control, manage, and own it.
• A business corporation is the most complex form of business organization. Ownership of a corporation takes the form of management of common stocks. In essence, the corporation is not a separate and distinct entity from the people who control, manage, and own it.

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: Some of the biggest and most cherished deductions in the current tax code are for_____________, medical expenses, state and local taxes, charitable donations and savings for retirement

• interest on mortgage payments
• interest on investment capital
• interest on bank loans
• interest on insurance

Choose the right answer to the question: Why do the US capital flows depend on Europe?

• With the recent surge in M&A outflows to Europe, the US has grown more dependent on European investment for financing its current account deficit relative to other regions.
• With the recent surge in M&A flows from Europe, the US has grown more dependent on European investment for financing its current account deficit relative to its own investments.
• With the recent surge in M&A flows from Europe, the US has grown more dependent on European manufacturing for financing its current account deficit relative to other regions.
• With the recent surge in M&A flows from Europe, the US has grown more dependent on European investment for financing its current account deficit relative to other regions.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: However, the GATT was signed by many allied nations in 1947 and it _____________

• did achieve its goal of slowing trade liberalization
• did achieve its goal of advancing trade liberalization
• did not achieve its goal of slowing trade liberalization
• did not achieve its goal of advancing trade liberalization

Choose the right answer to the question: What is stamp duty reserve tax?

• Stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT) was introduced in 1986 and applies to certain transactions in electronic form that are not liable to stamp duty because there is no physical transfer of ownership, such as the sale of shares held in electronic accounts.
• Stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT) was introduced in 1986 and applies to certain transactions in securities that are not liable to stamp duty because there is no physical transfer of ownership, such as the sale of shares held in electronic accounts.
• Stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT) was introduced in 1986 and applies to certain transactions in securities that are not liable to council tax because there is no physical transfer of ownership, such as the sale of shares held in electronic accounts.
• Stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT) was introduced in 1986 and applies to certain transactions in electronic form that are not liable to council tax because there is no physical transfer of ownership, such as the sale of shares held in electronic accounts.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The growth of automobile ownership, the decline in the use of local buses, and the transfer of much internal freight from rail to road has emphasized the importance attached to maintaining and developing road networks, particularly_________________.

• trunk roads and rail roads
• motorways and trunk roads
• higways and rail roads
• motorways and highways

Choose the right answer to the question: What happens if the interest rates are too low?

• If interest rates are too low, this may encourage too much borrowing and saving and result in the emergence of inflationary pressures.
• If interest rates are too low, this may encourage too much borrowing and spending and result in the emergence of inflationary pressures.
• If interest rates are too low, this may encourage too much borrowing and spending and result in the emergence of unemployment.
• If interest rates are too low, this may encourage too much borrowing and saving and result in the emergence of unemployment.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Probably the biggest reason for this drop in gross and net inflows is financial weakness at potential acquiring companies, particularly in the telecom sector, combined with ___________________

• general pressure from a stronger stock market and (to a lesser extent) a slower economy.
• general pressure from a weaker stock market and (to a lesser extent) a faster economy.
• general pressure from a weaker stock market and (to a lesser extent) a slower economy.
• general pressure from a stronger stock market and (to a lesser extent) an intense economy.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: One important issue that the Bank has been involved, for example, has been to improve the security of payment and settlement arrangements, which are a vital element in the stability of the________________.

• monetary system
• banking system
• financial system
• tax system

Choose the right answer to the question: What are the main characteristics of a sole proprietorship?

• The prevalent characteristic of a sole proprietorship is that the owner is separable from the business, he has not complete control over the business, its operations, and is not financially and legally responsible for all debts and legal actions against the business. Another aspect of the «same entity» aspect is that taxes on a sole proprietorship are determined at the personal income tax rate of the owner.
• The prevalent characteristic of a sole proprietorship is that the owner is inseparable from the business, he has complete control over the business, its operations, and is financially and legally responsible for all debts and legal actions against the business. Another aspect of the «same entity» aspect is that taxes on a sole proprietorship are determined at the personal income tax rate of the owner.
• The prevalent characteristic of a sole proprietorship is that the owner is inseparable from the business, he has complete control over the business, its operations, and is financially and legally responsible for all debts and legal actions against the business. Another aspect of the «same entity» aspect is that taxes on a sole proprietorship are determined at the corporate income tax rate of the owner.
• The prevalent characteristic of a sole proprietorship is that the owner is inseparable from the business, he has complete control over the business, its operations, but is not financially and legally responsible for all debts and legal actions against the business. Another aspect of the «same entity» aspect is that taxes on a sole proprietorship are determined at the corporate income tax rate of the owner.

Choose the right answer to the question: What are the core purposes of the UK monetary policy?

• Maintaining the integrity and value of the currency; Maintaining the stability of the financial system, both domestic and international; seeking to ensure the effectiveness of the UK’s financial services.
• Maintaining the integrity and value of the tax; Maintaining the stability of the tax system, both domestic and international; seeking to ensure the effectiveness of the UK’s financial services.
• Maintaining the integrity and value of the interest rate; Maintaining the stability of the tax system, both domestic and international; seeking to ensure the effectiveness of the UK’s financial services.
• Maintaining the integrity and value of the interest rate; Maintaining the stability of the financial system, both domestic and international; seeking to ensure the effectiveness of the UK’s financial services.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The Bank’s inflation forecast is published in the form of _______________

• a probability distribution
• a future forecast
• a forecast distribution
• a stability distribution

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Monetary policy is directed to achieving this objective and to providing a framework for __________________

• non-inflationary economic slowdown
• non-inflationary economic growth
• inflationary economic growth
• inflationary economic slowdown

Choose the right answer to the question: What is the system of allowances in the UK tax system?

• Each individual has a personal allowance, which is deducted from a part of income before tax in order to reach taxable income.
• Each individual has a personal allowance, which is deducted from total income after tax in order to reach taxable income.
• Each individual has a personal allowance, which is deducted from total income before tax in order to reach taxable income.
• Each individual has a personal allowance, which is deducted from a part of income after tax in order to reach taxable income.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: _____________is a major influence and trading partner of the UK.

• Japan
• The European Union
• The United States
• The Russian Federation

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: General ___________ is a duty levied on the total money staked on off-course bets made with a bookmaker or the Horserace Totalisator Board (the Tote).

• gaming duty
• betting duty
• stamp duty
• gambling duty

Choose the right answer to the question: What sector of the UK economy provides the source of greatest growth?

• The industry sector provides the source of greatest growth.
• The manufacturing sector provides the source of greatest growth.
• The service sector provides the source of greatest growth.
• The agricultural sector provides the source of greatest growth.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: General partner can increase the business’s financial resources and keep personal control of the business ______

• by taking a credit
• without incurring long-term debt
• by taking a bank loan
• by issuing shares

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: Federal Reserve notes are printed by the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing in Washington, D.C., and Fort________, Texas

• Nox
• Wealth
• Worth
• Knox

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The Federal Reserve is charged with ensuring that enough currency and coin are in circulation to meet _____

• the public’s supply
• the public’s needs
• the public’s interest
• the public’s demand

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: As an open economy the UK benefits from a ___________ world trade system.

• restricted
• mixed
• closed
• liberalised

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Reflecting the progressive nature of the current system, ____________________________

• income tax rates fall as taxpayers’ incomes rise
• income tax rates increase as taxpayers’ incomes fall
• income tax rates fluctuate as taxpayers’ incomes rise
• income tax rates increase as taxpayers’ incomes rise

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: There are also different filing and regulatory obligations which _____________

• accompany almost every form of business corporation
• accompany almost every form of professional organization
• accompany almost every form of business partnership
• accompany almost every form of business organization

Choose the right answer to the question: What is a publicly held corporation?

• A publicly held corporation has shareholders who are part of the general public, demand for the corporation’s shares is much broader, there are generally no share transfer restrictions, and shareholders are exclusively board members and officers.
• A publicly held corporation has shareholders who are part of the general public, demand for the corporation’s shares is much broader, there are generally no share transfer restrictions, and shareholders are not exclusively board members and officers.
• A publicly held corporation has shareholders who are not part of the general public, demand for the corporation’s shares is much less, there are generally no share transfer restrictions, and shareholders are not exclusively board members and officers.
• A publicly held corporation has shareholders who are not part of the general public, demand for the corporation’s shares is much less, there are generally no share transfer restrictions, and shareholders are exclusively board members and officers.

Choose the right answer to the question: What factor makes the US the most important in the world trade?

• Despite its relative self-sufficiency, the United States is the most important single factor in world trade by virtue of the sheer size of its economy.
• Despite its relative self-sufficiency, the United States is the most important single factor in world trade by virtue of the sheer size of its agriculture.
• Despite its relative self-sufficiency, the United States is the most important single factor in world trade by virtue of the sheer size of its industry.
• Despite its relative self-sufficiency, the United States is the most important single factor in world trade by virtue of the sheer size of its territory.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The rights, responsibilities and obligations of partners are typically detailed in ________________.

• deeds of the partnership
• articles of association
• a memoramdum of association
• a partnership agreement

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: Firms operate more efficiently in the ___________ because they are trying to maximise profits

• private sector
• financial sector
• banking sector
• public sector

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: While the United Kingdom has traditionally been a focus of ____________worldwide

• banking activity
• industrial activity
• financial activity
• agricultural activity

Choose the right answer to the question: What is the situation in the mineral resources?

• The range of mineral resources of economic value in the United Kingdom is relatively high.
• The range of mineral resources of economic value in the United Kingdom is relatively low.
• The range of mineral resources of economic value in the United Kingdom is relatively limited.
• The range of mineral resources of economic value in the United Kingdom is relatively moderate.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: The seven Governors on the Federal Reserve Board are appointed by ________________

• the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate
• the House of the Representatives of the United States and confirmed by the Senate
• the President of the United States and confirmed by the House of the Representatives
• the Senate of the United States and confirmed by the President

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: A general partnership may be created by a verbal agreement, however, it is customary and recommended that the partners define their rights and duties __________________

• in articles of incorporation
• in an annual report
• in a written agreement
• in a memoramdum of association

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: ___________ is the leading supplier and the second most important export market.

• Japan
• The United States
• Germany
• France

Choose the right answer to the question: How does the Bank of England maintain the integrity and the value of the currency?

• The Bank pursues this core purpose through its decisions on interest rates; by participating in international discussions to promote the health of the world economy; by implementing monetary policy through its market operations and its dealings with the financial system; and by maintaining confidence in the stock issue.
• The Bank pursues this core purpose through its decisions on tax bands; by participating in international discussions to promote the health of the world economy; by implementing monetary policy through its market operations and its dealings with the financial system; and by maintaining confidence in the stock issue.
• The Bank pursues this core purpose through its decisions on interest rates; by participating in international discussions to promote the health of the world economy; by implementing monetary policy through its market operations and its dealings with the financial system; and by maintaining confidence in the note issue.
• The Bank pursues this core purpose through its decisions on tax bands; by participating in international discussions to promote the health of the world economy; by implementing monetary policy through its market operations and its dealings with the financial system; and by maintaining confidence in the note issue.

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: The ___________________ is charged on industrial and commercial use of electricity, coal, natural gas and liquified petroleum gas, and the tax rate varies according to the type of fuel used.

• climate change levy
• stamp duty
• landfill tax
• council tax

Choose the right answer to the question: What are the main components of the demand for reserves?

• The demand for reserves has two components: required reserves and excess reserves.
• The demand for reserves has two components: short reserves and excess reserves.
• The demand for reserves has two components: required reserves and short reserves.
• The demand for reserves has two components: required reserves and traded reserves.

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: In a_______, two or more individuals join together to run the business enterprise.

• private limited company
• partnership
• public limited company
• sole trader

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Long-term insurance, such as___________, is exempt from insurance premium tax

• life insurance
• business insurance
• civil liability insurance
• employee’s insurance

Choose the right answer to the question: What are the main excise duties?

• Excise duties are flat-rate taxes (per pint, per litre, per packet etc.) levied upon five major goods: beer, wine, spirits, tobacco and coal.
• Excise duties are flat-rate taxes (per pint, per litre, per packet etc.) levied upon five major goods: beer, wine, spirits, tobacco and petrol/diesel.
• Excise duties are flat-rate taxes (per pint, per litre, per packet etc.) levied upon five major goods: mineral water, wine, spirits, tobacco and petrol/diesel.
• Excise duties are flat-rate taxes (per pint, per litre, per packet etc.) levied upon five major goods: mineral water, wine, spirits, tobacco and coal.

Choose the right answer to the question: How are the Class 2 and Class 4 national insurance contributions paid?

• The self-employed pay two different classes of National Insurance contributions — Class 2 and Class 4. Class 2 contributions are paid at a flat rate which for 2001-02 is £2.00 per week They are paid by those whose income exceeds a small earnings exception, currently £3,955 p.a. Class 4 contributions are payable by self-employed individuals whose profits exceed the lower profits limit
• The employers pay two different classes of National Insurance contributions — Class 2 and Class 4. Class 4 contributions are paid at a flat rate which for 2001-02 is £2.00 per week They are paid by those whose income exceeds a small earnings exception, currently £3,955 p.a. Class 2 contributions are payable on self-employed individuals whose profits exceed the lower profits limit
• The employers pay two different classes of National Insurance contributions — Class 2 and Class 4. Class 2 contributions are paid at a flat rate which for 2001-02 is £2.00 per week They are paid by those whose income exceeds a small earnings exception, currently £3,955 p.a. Class 4 contributions are payable on self-employed individuals whose profits exceed the lower profits limit
• The self-employed pay two different classes of National Insurance contributions — Class 2 and Class 4. Class 4 contributions are paid at a flat rate which for 2001-02 is £2.00 per week They are paid by those whose income exceeds a small earnings exception, currently £3,955 p.a. Class 2 contributions are payable by self-employed individuals whose profits exceed the lower profits limit

Choose the right answer to the question: What is the general view of international capital flows?

• A simplistic view of international capital flows would suggest that this should lead to capital inflow to the US. Money would migrate from high-return venues like the US to lower-return environs, such as emerging markets, the dollar-bloc economies, and possibly even Europe.
• A simplistic view of international capital flows would suggest that this should lead to capital inflow to the US. Money would migrate to high-return venues like the US from lower-return environs, such as emerging markets, the dollar-bloc economies, and possibly even Europe.
• A simplistic view of international capital flows would suggest that this should lead to capital outflows from the US. Money would migrate from low-return venues like the US to higher-return environs, such as emerging markets, the dollar-bloc economies, and possibly even Europe
• A simplistic view of international capital flows would suggest that this should lead to capital outflows from the US. Money would migrate from high-return venues like the US to lower-return environs, such as emerging markets, the dollar-bloc economies, and possibly even Europe.

Choose the right answer to the question: What are the expected effects concerning capital flows which may result from the Fed current policy?

• The most important capital flow effect of a proactive Fed could be to hasten the recovery of the US economy, and that could be negative for M&A and equity inflows into the US.
• The most important capital flow effect of a proactive Fed could be to hasten the recovery of the US economy, and that could be positive for M&A and equity inflows into the US.
• The most important capital flow effect of a proactive Fed could be to hasten the recovery of the US economy, and that could be positive for M&A and equity outflows from the US.
• The most important capital flow effect of a proactive Fed could be to slow the recovery of the US economy, and that could be negative for M&A and equity inflows into the US.

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Coal mining has declined and the energy sector has been transformed by virtue of self-sufficiency _________________

• in gas and nuclear resources
• in oil and nuclear resources
• in oil and natural gas
• in nuclear resources

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: The Commonwealth can also play a very important role in shaping the future_______________.

• import agenda
• export agenda
• trade agenda
• tariffs agenda

Choose the right answer to the question: What is a multinational corporation?

• A multinational corporation is a very large firm with a head office in one town and several branches operating over the country
• A multinational corporation is a very large firm with a head office in one country and several branches operating overseas
• A multinational corporation is a very large partnership with a head office in one country and several branches operating overseas
• A multinational corporation is a very large partnership with a head office in one town and several branches operating over the country

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: On 1 April 1993, the community charge system of local taxation, or poll tax, was replaced by the__________, which is largely a property-based tax rather than an individual-based tax.

• council tax
• stamp duty
• capital tax
• landfill tax

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Limited partner’s risk is directly proportional to ________________

• the limited partner’s capital investment
• the limited partner’s benefits
• the limited partner’s share capital
• the limited partner’s dividends

Choose the right answer to the question: What are main features of a public-sector firm?

• Each nationalised industry (or public limited company) has its own Act of Parliament and its own Member of Parliament. Firms owned by the government aim to operate in the public interest and do not necessarily try to make maximum profits
• Each nationalised industry (or public corporation) has its own Act of Parliament and its own government minister. Firms owned by the government aim to operate in the public interest and do not necessarily try to make maximum profits
• Each nationalised industry (or public limited company) has its own Act of Parliament and its own government minister. Firms owned by the government aim to operate in the public interest and do not necessarily try to make maximum profits
• Each nationalised industry (or public corporation) has its own Act of Parliament and its own Member of Parliament. Firms owned by the government aim to operate in the public interest and do not necessarily try to make maximum profits

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Under the new system, taxpayers can send their returns back to the Inland Revenue by 30 September each year, for the Revenue to calculate the tax owed (given the information on income sources and expenditure provided by the_____________)

• Taxpayer
• Tax agent
• Tax police
• Tax inspector

Choose the right expression to continue the phrase: Depository institutions actively trade reserves held at the Federal Reserve___________________.

• abroad, usually overnight
• to the government, usually overnight
• to the firms, usually overnight
• among themselves, usually overnight

Choose the right term to fill in the gap: Since then, average _____________ of developed countries have fallen from nearly 40% to less than 5% through eight rounds of multilateral trade liberalisation.

• agricultural tariffs
• industrial tariffs
• service tariffs
• customs tariffs