Англ. язык. Практический курс специального перевода. Часть 1

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: This definition covers much that is important, but in а sense all dеfinitions are, bу themselves, inadequate, since, if they are to bе more than trivial and uninformative, they must presup pose, as does the one just quoted, some general theory of language and of linguistic analysis.

• местоимение
• глагол
• существительное
• артикль

Преобразуйте слово, данное в скобках так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало предложению: It is а (pecular) of the months and the days of the week that а fixed order belongs to their mеaning.

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: Тhе first task, then, оf linguistic description — somewhat analogous to the chemist’s attempt to ‘explain’ the puzzling variety of materlal things – may be said to bе а reductive оnе: the task, namely, of reducing the practically infinite variety of utterances to а relatively few rесurrеnt relations of а rela tively few recurrent elements.

• дополнение
• определение
• сказуемое
• обстоятельство

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The first complete English-language version of the Bible dates from 1382 and was credited to John Wycliffe and his followers.

• местоимение
• наречие
• числительное
• артикль

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: It may fairly bе said that phonology was the pace-maker in the Bloomfieldian era, as far as descriptive theory and methodology were concerned.

• обстоятельство
• определение
• дополнение
• сказуемое

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: In its early stages the theory went under the self-explanatory name of ‘neo-Firthian linguistics’; it was also designated ‘scale and category grammar’, this latter title being taken from the set of seven basic еlеments, three scales and four categories, of the theory as expounded in 1961.

• определение
• подлежащее
• обстоятельство
• сказуемое

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: Тhe suprasegmental phonemes included phonemes of stress, length, and pitch, which extended over оr could extend over more than а sin gle consonant оr vowel segment.

• обстоятельство
• сказуемое
• подлежащее
• определение

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: Prosodic analy sis is prepared to set uр different systems of phonematic units and prosodies at different places in structures where this significantly facili tates the analysis.

• сказуемое
• обстоятельство
• дополнение
• определение

Расположите части так, чтобы получилось предложение:

• even larger dictionaries, with 750,000 entries, may be required
• unabbreviated general dictionaries
• already contain 500,000 entries, but

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: It mау bе held that in this usage the word is а convenient term to employ with reference to the links between linguistics considered as а science and the aesthetic and humanistic study of literature, and to the field wherein the historian of different aspects of а culture draws оп the findings of the linguist in the decipherment of texts and inscriptions and in establishment of reliable versions of manuscripts and other dос uments as materials that provide him with part of his evidence.

Установите соответствия:

• Complement
• определение, дефиниция
• Consonant
• согласный
• Definition
• дополнение

Вставьте пропущенное слово: The so-called Clementine Vulgate, _______ by Pope Clement VIII in 1592, became the authoritative biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church.

• issues
• issuing
• issue
• issued

Расположите части так, чтобы получилось предложение:

• reformers since the 13th, when an Augustinian canon named Orm devised his own method of differentiating short vowels from long by
• doubling the succeeding consonants or, when this was not feasible, by marking short vowels with a superimposed breve mark (˘)
• indeed, every century has had its

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: The translation differed from the English mainstream Bible in that it was not a revision but a completely fresh version from the original tongues.

• артикль
• частица
• местоимение
• наречие

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: Juncture phonemes assumed very considerable importance when. phonemic analysis was taken across word boundaries (which Jones had refused to do), and when the demands for the strict ‘separation of levels’ ruled out anу use of grammatical factors in phonemic analysis ос in the symbols of phonemic tran scriptions.

• определение
• сказуемое
• подлежащее
• обстоятельство

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: The resultant alphabet of 26 letters has both uppercase, or capital, and lowercase, or small, letters.

• обстоятельство
• дополнение
• подлежащее
• определение

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Elsewhere in Africa, English helps to answer the needs of wider communication.

• глагол
• существительное
• наречие
• местоимение

Укажите слова, выполняющие в предложении функцию подлежащего: It(1) is reasonable to ask(2) if changes(3) in English(4) can be predicted.

• 4
• 1
• 2
• 3

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: In 1538 a revised edition of Coverdale’s New Testament printed with the Latin Vulgate in parallel columns issued in England was so full of errors that Coverdale promptly arranged for a rival corrected version to appear in Paris.

• подлежащее
• дополнение
• обстоятельство
• сказуемое

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: After its adoption by the English, this 23-letter alphabet developed W as a ligatured doubling of U and later J and V as consonantal variants of I and U.

• дополнение
• определение
• подлежащее
• обстоятельство

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Both are invalid for this purpose.

• местоимение
• артикль
• существительное
• предлог

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: In this way Halliday, like Firth, links his linguistics with Malinowski’s anthropology, and professes, as the central objective of his theory of language, to help answer the question: ‘Why is language as it is?’.

• определение
• подлежащее
• дополнение
• сказуемое

Расположите части так, чтобы получилось предложение:

• all that has been said above has implied an
• patterning will only emerge from а study of this kind
• approach in which grammatical relations are not taken into account, and reasons have been given for the suggestion that certain aspects оf linguistic

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Of these chimpanzees, Washoe and Sarah, the subjects of prolonged train ing and study in America, are the most famous.

• артикль
• существительное
• местоимение
• глагол

Дополните предложение: Further, it may help to narrow the

• region from Point Pleasant, in New Jersey, to Dover, in Delaware.
• most clearly marked along the Atlantic littoral, where the earlier settlements were made.
• gap between pronunciation and spelling.
• through their style directives, will surely find it in their best interests to agree on uniformity of spelling.

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: Jones’s mature theory of phonological analysis is expounded in Тhe Рhonеmе: lts nature and use (1950); his contributions to phonetic description and to phonological analysis show how the limits bе placed оп the extension of the рhoneme concept in по way restricted his linguistic work.

• подлежащее
• определение
• сказуемое
• обстоятельство

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: Firth devoted much of his attention to phonology, in which he put forward the theory of prosodic analysis.

Укажите тип предложения по количеству грамматических основ: The first settlers who came to Virginia (1607) and Massachusetts (1620) soon learned to adapt old words to new uses, but they were content to borrow names from the local Indian languages for unknown trees, such as hickory and persimmon, and for unfamiliar animals, such as raccoons and woodchucks.

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: Тhе most distinctive aspect оf Firth’s linguistic work was prosodic phonology, the outlines оf which were first presented programmatically in 1948, and developed in applications to а number оf languages in the decade following.

• подлежащее
• дополнение
• обстоятельство
• сказуемое

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: An alternative solution was taken uр bу American linguists working within the Bloomfieldian tradition.

• подлежащее
• определение
• сказуемое
• обстоятельство

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: Such transcriptional influences mау have been tacit rather than ех plicit, but the reluctance with which the ‘vertical’ analysis оf segmental phonemes into their distinctive fеаtures or components (‘componential analysis’) was pressed during the thirties and forties was openly at tributed to its transcriptional mconvenience.

• определение
• дополнение
• обстоятельство
• подлежащее

Вставьте пропущенное слово: Today Lowland Scots trill their r’s, shorten vowels, and _______ diphthongs. A few Scottish words, such as bairn, brae, canny, dour, and pawky, have made their way into RP.

• simpliest
• simple
• simply
• simplify

Дополните предложение: Before the Declaration of Independence (1776), two-thirds of the immigrants had come from England, but

• after that date they arrived in large numbers from Ireland.
• Cape Fear and Pee Dee valleys, and the South Carolina Low Country, around Charleston.
• expressions as “We are after finishing,” “It’s sorry you will be,” and “James do be cutting corn every day.”
• region from Point Pleasant, in New Jersey, to Dover, in Delaware.

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: Firth stressed the parallelism between the internal, formal, contexts of grammar and phonology and the external contexts of situation, thus justifying his otherwise paradoxical extension of the use of the term meaning.

• дополнение
• подлежащее
• обстоятельство
• сказуемое

Установите соответствия:

• Passive
• дополнение
• Numeral
• числительное
• Object
• пассив

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: In prosodic analysis по such restrictions apply, and some phonetic material that in other systems of analysis would bе part of some consonant or vowel phonemes may bе assigned to prosodies (e.g. retroflexion in San skrit and some modern Indian languages, and palatal and non-palatal articulation in some varieties of Chinese), and for the same reason the exponents of some phonematic units may comprise fewer phonetic fea tures than wou1d belong to the nearest corresponding phonemes in а phonemic analysis.

• обстоятельство
• сказуемое
• определение
• дополнение

Является ли данное утверждение верным? A) It is not knоwn how far соllocational patterns are dependent оn the structural relations into which the items enter. – сложное предложение B) For ехаmрlе, if а cosy discussitoп is unlikely, bу comparison with а cosy chat and а frieпdly dtscussioп, is it the simple co-pccurrеnсе of the two items that is unlikеlу, or their occurrence in this particu1ar structure? – сложное предложение

• А-да, В-нет
• А- нет, В- да
• А- да, В- да
• А- нет, В- нет

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: Broadly, phonetic features are allotted to prosodies rather than to phonematic units, if they either extend over the whole or the major part of а structure, or are positionally re stricted in it and thus serve tо delimit or demarcate it.

• определение
• дополнение
• обстоятельство
• подлежащее

Вставьте пропущенное слово: In Wales, people often speak a clear and measured form of English with a ________ intonation inherited from ancestral Celtic.

• musical
• muse
• musician
• music

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: At еасh level the elements and categories abstracted were related to еасh other along the two Saussurean dimensions in syntagmatic structures and paradigmatic systems (Firth specialized the terms structure аnd systeт to refer respectively to the5e two dimen sions of intralinguistic relationship); consonant-vowel-consonant and preposition-noun were typical structures, while the syllable initial plo sives оf а language or its nominal cases constituted systems оf contrasting elements or categories.

• подлежащее
• дополнение
• сказуемое
• обстоятельство

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: A brief treatment of biblical translation follows.

• глагол
• наречие
• местоимение
• существительное

Преобразуйте слово, данное в скобках так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало предложению: I pass оn to the (two) dubious case.

Укажите тип предложения по количеству грамматических основ: In weakly stressed syllables there is already a discernible tendency, operating effectively through radio and television, to restore the full qualities of vowels in these syllables.

Укажите тип предложения по количеству грамматических основ: The influence of these languages upon one another will inevitably increase.

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: In а comment оп Hockett’s Мanuаl of phonology (1955), published towards the end of the period, оne can read the well justified remark that а comparable manual of grammar could not as yet bе envisaged.

• дополнение
• обстоятельство
• определение
• сказуемое

Укажите слова, выполняющие в предложении функцию подлежащего: In South Western dialects(1), initial f(2) and s(3) are often voiced, becoming v(4) and z.

• 2
• 4
• 3
• 1

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Нuman language, unlikе every other communication system knоwn in the animal kingdom, is unrestricted in scope and infinite in extent.

• артикль
• предлог
• частица
• местоимение

Вставьте пропущенное слово: It usually contained Jerome’s Old Testament _______ from the Hebrew, except for the Psalms; his Gallican Psalter; his translation of the books of Tobias (Tobit) and Judith (apocryphal in the Jewish and Protestant canons); and his revision of the Gospels.

• translate
• translator
• translating
• translation

Укажите функцию выделенного слова в предложении: In part they provided the material for the Grenzslgnale оf the Prague school.

• Подлежащее
• Дополнение
• Обстоятельство
• Сказуемое

Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: Укажите частеречную принадлежность выделенного слова: In connection with the study of language the term philology is in frequent use.