Экономическая среда. Часть 1

“ to abandon a , fight, or argument; surrender; yield” is …

• to dent
• to reduce
• to give in
• to hamper

“to entail” means …

• to place in a tomb or grave; bury
• to start upon; begin
• to cause or require as a necessary consequence; involve; necessitate
• to give a title or name to

The special thing needed for some purpose; supplies, furnishings, apparatus, etc. is …

• an axe
• an utility
• an industry
• an equipment

Of considerable worth or value; important is …

• substantial
• tight
• subtle
• declining

To hold or assign a certain position is …

• to produce
• to rank
• to expose
• to fall short

To come or bring into union; to act or mix together; to unite is…

• to join
• to combine
• to relate
• to product

To send (money) in payment is. ..

• to generate
• to give
• to remit
• to mislay

“to work together, esp. in some literary, artistic or scientific undertaking” is …

• to blur
• to conclude
• to collaborate
• to stock

“to predict” means …

• to form in advance
• to say in advance; to foretell ( a future event or events)
• to make an affirmation or statement
• to replace ( a regularly scheduled program)

A part or portion that belongs or is allotted to an individual or the part contributed by one is a …

• share
• tax
• borrowing
• excise

“to compete (with)” means

• to enter into or be in rivalry;
• to end, finish, conclude
• to make or become intricate, difficult or involved
• to behave or conduct (oneself) in a specified manner

To set apart for a specific purpose; to distribute in shares or according to a plan is ..

• to abandon
• to share
• to allocate
• to specify

“to insure” means …

• to give facts or information to on a particular matter
• to give hope or confidence to; to give support to; foster help
• to put or use in place of another
• to contract to be paid or pay money in the case of loss of (life, property, etc.)

A quality or amount over and above what is needed or used is a …

• surplus
• demand
• productivity
• tax

A listing of charges for goods and services is …

• a budget account
• an eventual loss
• a collection agency
• a statement

“to print or publish” is …

• to hinder
• to give way to
• to give in
• to issue

“to exceed” means

• to go or be beyond ( a limit, limiting regulation, measure, etc.)
• to avoid or escape from by deceit or cleverness
• to be greater or better than, or superior toto give or receive (equivalent or similar things)
• to think, speak or write of as greater than is really so, magnify beyond the fact

“ penalty” is …

• any act of reparation, self-punishment, etc.
• compulsory payment, usually a percentage, levied on income
• a punishment fixed by law, as for a crime or breach of contract
• style or quality of handwriting

Being such practically or in effect, although not in fact is …

• vigorous
• virtual
• steady
• wide

To make worse, less, weaker; to damage is …

• to improve
• to impair
• to send
• to sell

“expectation or prospect; mental view or attitude” is …

• projection
• outlook
• public deficit
• treaty

“to consume” means

• to buy goods and services for one’s personal needs
• to enter into or be in rivalry
• to use up or spend without real need, gain or purpose
• to seek an opinion from; ask an advice

“dividend” is …

• a sum or quantity, usually of money, to be divided among stockholders, creditors, members of cooperative, etc.
• payment asked or given for professional services, admissions, licenses, tuition, etc; charge
• the sum remaining after all costs
• the rate of producing or amount produced

“depression” is …

• a result or effect of impressing
• good fortune, wealth, success, etc.
• a decrease in force, activity, amount, etc.
• an imitation or mimicking intended as a caricature or amusing impersonation

“prosperity” is …

• the act of doing good or helping others, esp. by giving money for charitable purposes
• a mental view or examination
• the art and science of combining vocal or instrumental sounds
• good fortune, wealth, success, etc.

“to affect” means

• to behave or conduct (oneself) in a specified manner
• to avoid expense, loss, waste etc.; be economical
• to have an effect on; influence; produce a change in
• to frighten; terrify

“income” is

• the rate of producing or amount produced
• the money or other gain received by an individual, corporation, etc. for labour or services or from property, investments, operations etc.
• the sum remaining after all costs
• a compulsory payment, usually a percentage, levied on income

“to outstrip” means …

• to cover with something blown, as sand
• to charge too high a price (to)
• to set the nominal value of the capital of (a corporation) higher than is lawful or justifiable
• to go at a faster pace than, get ahead of; surpass

Well qualified; specified; fit is

• comfortable
• compassionate
• competent
• complicated

“fee” is …

• the amount of money, time etc. expended
• a remark, question, offer, etc. made to feel out another
• the sum remaining after all costs
• payment asked or given for professional services, admissions, licenses, tuition, etc; charge

“to substitute” means

• to overthrow or destroy (something established)
• to undermine or corrupt, as in morals
• to shake forcibly
• to put or use in place of another

“hence” means …

• after this; from now on; in the future
• about or near here
• for this reason; as a result; therefore
• by or through this; by this means

“regulation” is

• a treasury, as of a country or organization
• a rule, ordinance or law by which conduct, etc. is regulated
• a tax or duty on the manufacture, sale or consumption of various commodities within a country
• a fee paid for a license to carry on certain occupations, sports, etc

“insurmountable” means …

• necessary for completeness; essential
• with nothing missing or injured
• that cannot be past over or overcome; insuperable
• that cannot be easily defined, formulated

“to pose” means …

• to behave or conduct (oneself) in a specified manner
• to leave hastily
• to make an abrupt sound; glow
• to put forward or propose (a question, problem, etc.)

The amount of money, time etc. expended is …

• an income
• a surplus
• a regeneration
• an expenditure

“to keep from moving or acting freely; impede” is …

• to move
• to hamper
• to give in
• to reduce

“to put (a quality, idea, etc. into), as if by pouring” is …

• to fill
• to collaborate
• to erase
• to infuse

“foggy, misty or smoky” is …

• hazy
• nutty
• bygone
• strange

“very sad; hopeless; melancholy” is …

• heavy
• glossy
• sound
• gloomy

“that has or have gone by; past; farmer” is …

• future
• bygone
• hazy
• fast

To take or receive (something) with the understanding that one will return it or an equivalent is …

• to borrow
• to share
• to rank
• to prevail

To enlarge in area, scope, influence, meaning, effect, etc. is …

• to exceed
• to expropriate
• to extend
• to grant

“to afford” means

• to manage (to do something) without risking serious consequences
• to say positively; declare firmly
• to insult openly or purposely; offend
• to have an effect on; influence

A set date, as for payment, termination or tenancy, etc. is …

• an agreement
• a term
• a duration
• a contract

“to save “ means

• to make a deep, heavy, continuous, rolling sound, as thunder
• to use up or spend without real need, gain or purpose
• to avoid expense, loss, waste etc.; be economical
• to go rapidly, move swiftly

“contraction” is …

• a decrease in force, activity, amount, etc.
• a condition in which things tend to be contrary to each other
• a period of decrease in business activity
• good fortune, wealth, success, etc.

To be dominant in amount, number; to prevail is…

• to predominate
• to predict
• to rank
• to borrow

“eventually” means …

• in any way; by any chance
• forever; constantly
• at any time
• finally; ultimately; in the end

“scarce” means

• not plentiful; not sufficient to meet the demand; hard to get
• sufficient or more than enough; abundant
• lacking refinement, elegance, polish or sophistication
• holy; sacred; hallowed